What is a Flyback Diode? | Protect Your Circuits with This Simple Component

If you've ever worked with relays, motors, or solenoids, you’ve probably come across sudden voltage spikes when switching off the device. These spikes can damage micro-controllers, transistors, or even entire circuits. Enter the flyback diode—a small but essential component for protecting your circuits from inductive kickback.

What is a Flyback Diode?

A flyback diode (also called a freewheeling diode, snubber diode, or clamping diode) is a diode placed across an inductive load such as a relay coil or motor winding. Its purpose is to absorb and safely dissipate the energy stored in the magnetic field when the power is suddenly removed. The flyback diode provides a safe path for this current to circulate, preventing it from damaging the switch or control device.

Where to install a Flyback Diode?

  • Connect the diode in parallel with the inductive load.
  • The cathode (marked side) of the diode connects to the positive voltage.
  • The anode connects to the grounded side of the coil or load.

This reverse-biased configuration becomes forward-biased only when a voltage spike occurs, allowing the current to circulate through the diode instead of the sensitive components.

Flyback Diode Use Cases

  • Relay coil protection
  • Solenoid driver circuits
  • DC motor controllers
  • Switching transistors or MOSFETs in inductive circuits
  • Industrial automation systems using PLC outputs

Common Diodes Used as Flyback Diodes

  • 1N4007 – General purpose, up to 1000V
  • 1N5819 – Fast recovery Schottky diode
  • UF4007 – Ultra-fast diode for switching applications

Why Flyback Diodes Matter

Without flyback diodes:

  • Transistors may burn out
  • Microcontrollers may reset or fail
  • Circuits may behave abnormally

With flyback diodes:

Your design is safe, more robust, and long-lasting

Conclusion

Flyback diodes might seem small and insignificant, but they are vital in any system with inductive loads. If you're into electronics, automation, or embedded control, make it a habit to include flyback diodes—it’s a simple fix for a potentially expensive problem.

 

 

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